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During which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope?

  1. Anaphase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Prophase

  4. Telophase

The correct answer is: Prophase

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This is the first stage of mitosis where the chromatin, which is the loosely packed form of DNA and proteins, begins to thicken and coil into distinct structures known as chromosomes. As the chromosomes condense, they become shorter and thicker, making them easier to observe. In addition, during prophase, the nuclear envelope starts to break down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form, which is essential for the movement of chromosomes in the subsequent phases of mitosis. These changes are crucial for ensuring that chromosomes can be accurately separated into the two daughter cells during cell division.