Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

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What is the principle of 'independent assortment'?

Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete production
Alleles for the genes are neither dominant nor recessive
Segments of DNA that are located at specific positions on chromosomes
More than two alleles for one gene

The correct answer is: Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete production

'Independent assortment' is a principle of genetics that explains how genes for different traits are inherited. It states that during gamete production, the genes for different traits are randomly segregated and inherited independently, meaning that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another. This occurs because each gene is located on a different chromosome and during meiosis, the chromosomes line up and separate independently, creating new combinations of genes in the gametes. Options B, C, and D are not related to independent assortment. Option B refers to the concept of dominant and recessive alleles, which is relevant to the principle of segregation, not independent assortment. Option C refers to the physical locations of genes on chromosomes, which is important for understanding genetic mapping but not independent assortment. Option D refers to the number of alleles for a specific gene, but independent assortment is not dependent on the number of alleles for a gene. Therefore, option A is the correct explanation for the principle of independent assortment.