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Where in the cell are ribosomes found?

  1. Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

  2. In the cytoplasm

  3. On the surface of mitochondria

  4. Both in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is: Both in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found in two primary locations within a cell. Firstly, ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, where they float freely and synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol. Secondly, ribosomes can be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which is studded with these structures, giving it a "rough" appearance. The attachment allows ribosomes to synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell's plasma membrane, or sent to an organelle. This dual presence of ribosomes in both the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum highlights their critical role in the cellular machinery for protein production, supporting a wide variety of cellular functions.